In a paper CEO Stress, Aging, and Death, the authors studied the effects of managerial stress on lifespan and visible signs of aging. They found that CEOs' lifespan decreased by 1.5 years in response to an industry wide downturn. They also look older than there age by one year over the decade following a ‘distress shock’ like the Great Recession—James Donald, CEO of Starbucks, looked 3-5 years older than his biological age base on pictures from 2004 to 2010.
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